Criminal law is a vast field of law that deals with problems that arise from police investigations and arrests made on the basis of suspicions of criminal behavior. Along with trials, criminal law also deals with indictments, allegations, and guilty pleas. Additionally, issues with probation, parole, and petitions to seal or expunge criminal records are dealt with under criminal law. A criminal case is a sort of judicial action in which the defendant is prosecuted for behavior that the state's legislature, or the government, deems to be unlawful. Criminal proceedings often start once the suspect is detained and charged, typically at an indictment hearing. The defendant is always presumed innocent in criminal matters until proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt by a state prosecutor. Homicide, battery, domestic violence, robbery, and sexual assault are examples of crimes against people. White-collar crimes include securities fraud, tax evasion, and driving while intoxicated. Nonviolent crimes include drug offenses, gun possession, and drug trafficking. Crimes against property include theft, burglary, embezzlement, false pretenses, and petty theft.
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